Class overview | |
---|---|
Name: | Worcester-class cruiser |
Builders: | New York Shipbuilding Corporation |
Operators: | United States Navy |
Preceded by: | Fargo class |
Succeeded by: | None |
Subclasses: | None |
Built: | 1945 - 1947 |
In commission: | 1948–58 |
Planned: | 10 |
Building: | 0 |
Completed: | 2 |
Cancelled: | 8 |
Active: | 0 |
Lost: | 0 |
Retired: | 2 |
Preserved: | 0 |
General characteristics | |
Type: | Light cruiser |
Displacement: |
|
Length: | 679 ft .5 in (207.0 m) |
Beam: | 70 ft .5 in (21.3 m) |
Draft: | 25 ft (7.6 m) |
Propulsion: |
|
Speed: | 33 knots |
Complement: | 1,560 officers and enlisted |
Armament: |
|
Armor: |
|
The Worcester class was a class of light cruisers used by the United States Navy, laid down in 1945 and commissioned in 1948-49. They and their contemporaries, the Des Moines-classheavy cruisers, were the last all-gun cruisers built for the U.S. Navy. Ten ships were planned for this class, but only two (USS Worcester (CL-144) and USS Roanoke (CL-145)) were completed.
The main battery layout was distinctive, with twin rather than triple turrets, unlike the previous Cleveland-class, St. Louis-class, and Brooklyn-class light cruisers. Aside from the Worcesters main battery consisting of 6 in (152 mm) rather than 5 in (127 mm) guns, the layout was identical to the much smaller Juneau-class light cruisers, carrying 12 guns in six turrets, three forward and three aft, with only turrets 3 and 4 superfiring. The 6'/47 Mk 16 gun was an autoloading, high-angle dual purpose gun with a high rate of fire, and the Worcesters were thus designed to serve as AA cruisers like the Juneaus but with much more potent guns, as well as conventional light cruisers.
Both ships were decommissioned in 1958, the last conventional light cruisers to serve in the fleet, and scrapped in the early 1970s.
Ships in class[edit]
Ship Name | Hull No. | Builder | Laid Down | Launched | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Worcester | CL-144 | New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey | 29 January 1945 | 4 February 1947 | 26 June 1948 | 19 December 1958 | Struck 1 December 1970; Sold to Zidell Explorations, Inc., of Portland, OR on 5 July 1972 |
Roanoke | CL-145 | 15 May 1945 | 16 June 1947 | 4 April 1949 | 31 October 1958 | Struck 1 December 1970; Sold to Levin Metals Corporation of San Jose, Calif. on 22 February 1972 | |
Vallejo | CL-146 | 16 July 1945 | N/A | Construction cancelled 8 December 1945; hull was subsequently scrapped | |||
Gary | CL-147 | N/A | Cancelled 12 August 1945 prior to the start of construction |
See also[edit]
- Minotaur-class cruiser (1947), a Royal Navy design similar in concept.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Worcester class cruiser. |
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Worcester-class_cruiser&oldid=903962828'
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Class overview | |
---|---|
Name: | Cleveland class |
Builders: |
|
Operators: | United States Navy |
Preceded by: | |
Succeeded by: | Fargo class |
In commission: | 1942–79 |
Planned: | 52 |
Completed: | 27 |
Cancelled: | 3 (9 converted to aircraft carriers, 13 reordered as Fargo class) |
Retired: | 27 |
Preserved: | 1 (converted to a Galveston-class guided missile cruiser) |
General characteristics | |
Type: | Light cruiser |
Displacement: |
|
Length: |
|
Beam: | 66 ft 4 in (20.22 m) |
Height: | 113 ft (34 m) |
Draft: |
|
Installed power: |
|
Propulsion: |
|
Speed: | 32.5 knots (60.2 km/h; 37.4 mph) |
Range: | 8,640 nmi (16,000 km; 9,940 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)[1] |
Complement: |
|
Armament: |
|
Armor: |
|
Aircraft carried: | 4 × floatplanes |
Aviation facilities: | 2 × sterncatapults |
Notes: | Dimensions in feet from Jane's American Fighting ships of the 20th Century, 1991 |
The Cleveland class was a group of light cruisers built for the U.S. Navy during World War II, and were the most numerous class of light cruisers ever built.
- 1Development
- 2Service
Development[edit]
The Cleveland-class was a development of the preceding Brooklyn-class cruiser. The ships were designed with the goal of increased cruising range, anti-aircraft armament, torpedo protection, etc., compared with earlier U.S. cruisers.[2]
Technical drawing of a Cleveland-class cruiser.
After the London Naval Treaty of 1930 passed, the US Navy took up a renewed interest in the 6' gun armed light cruiser, partially due to the fleet complaining bitterly about the 8' gun's slow rate of fire.[3], at 3 rounds per minute compared to the 10 rounds per minute achieved by 6' guns. At this time, the US Navy began to deploy drones to use as targets for anti-aircraft targets, which could simulate both dive and torpedo bombers. The results were dismaying to the fleet, as the simulations showed that without fire control directors and computers, the ships of the fleet would be almost helpless against the density of aircraft attack they envisioned the future war bringing. The mechanical computers alone could weigh up to 10 tons and had to be housed below decks for both weight and protection measures.[4] As World War II was to prove, the assumptions made pre-war were optimistic. Eventually, every anti-aircraft gun platform above 20mm would end up moving to remote power and aiming with associated fire control and radar.[5] As designed the Cleveland Class was already a tight design but requests to widen the ship were turned down because it would affect production rates.[6] In order to fit the new heavier fire control and radar systems within the allotted tonnage for a cruiser, the No. 3 gun turret was omitted. This also gave room for the enlargement of the bridge spaces to accommodate the new combat information center and the necessary radars, along with enough tonnage to fit an additional pair of 5'/38 twin mounts, which were located fore and aft of the superstructure, granting wider arcs of fire. Despite the loss of three 6-inch guns compared to the proceeding Brooklyn and St. Louis-class cruisers, the new, more advanced fire control gave the Cleveland-class ships a firepower advantage in practical use. However, the increase of light anti-aircraft artillery made the class top-heavy towards the end of World War II. To compensate for the weight increase, some ships had one catapult removed, along with the rangefinders from the No. 1 turret.[7] The top weight issues would plague the class with every addition of equipment having to be carefully weighed against what would have to be removed. Fighter control radar installation required the removal of 20mm clipping rooms for instance.[8]
Subclasses[edit]
Fifty-two ships of this class were originally planned, but nine of them were completed as the light aircraft carriers of the Independence class, and two of them were completed to a somewhat different design, with more compact superstructures and just a single stack. These two were called the Fargo class. Of the 27 Cleveland-class cruisers that were commissioned, one (Galveston) was completed as a guided missile cruiser and five were later modified as Galveston and Providence-class guided missile cruisers. Two of each of the guided missile cruiser-classes had enlarged superstructures to serve as flagships. Following the naming convention at the time, all the ships completed as cruisers were named for US cities and towns.[9]
Service[edit]
The Cleveland-class cruisers served mainly in the Pacific Fleet during World War II, especially in the Fast Carrier Task Force, but some of them served off the coasts of Europe and Africa in the U.S. Atlantic Fleet. All of these warships, though worked heavily and damaged in some cases, survived the war. All of this class were initially decommissioned by 1950, except for Manchester, which remained in service until 1956, but six were later finished or converted to guided missile cruisers, and these served into the 1970s. The Clevelands suffered from increasing stability problems as anti-aircraft armament and additional radar was added during the war. None were recommissioned for the Korean War, as they required a crew almost as large as the Baltimore-class ships, and those ships were reactivated instead. All non-converted ships were sold off from the reserve fleet for scrapping beginning in 1959. The six that were completed as or converted into guided missile cruisers were reactivated during the 1950s and then served into the 1970s. All, particularly the Talos-armed ships, suffered from greater stability problems than the original design due to the extra radar equipment and top weight. This problem was particularly severe in Galveston, leading to its premature decommissioning in 1970. Oklahoma City and Little Rock had to have a large amount of ballast and internal rearrangement to allow continued service into the 1970s.[10] The last of these missile ships in service, Oklahoma City, was decommissioned in December 1979.
Preserved ships[edit]
Only one Cleveland-class ship remains. She is the guided missile cruiser Little Rock, now a museum ship along the Niagara River at Buffalo, New York, along with the Fletcher-classdestroyerThe Sullivans, and the Gato-classsubmarine, Croaker.[11]
Ships in class[edit]
Ship Name | Hull No. | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned Recommissioned | Decommissioned | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cleveland | CL-55 | New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey | 1 July 1940 | 1 November 1941 | 15 June 1942 | 7 February 1947 | Struck 1 March 1959; Sold for scrap, 18 February 1960 |
Columbia | CL-56 | 18 August 1940 | 17 December 1941 | 29 July 1942 | 30 November 1946 | Struck 1 March 1959; Sold for scrap, 18 February 1959 | |
Montpelier | CL-57 | 2 December 1940 | 12 February 1942 | 9 September 1942 | 24 January 1947 | Struck 1 March 1959; Sold for scrap, 22 January 1960 | |
Denver | CL-58 | 26 December 1940 | 4 April 1942 | 15 October 1942 | 7 February 1947 | Struck 1 March 1959; Sold for scrap, 4 February 1960 | |
Amsterdam | CL-59 | 1 May 1941 | N/A | Reordered as the light aircraft carrier USS Independence (CVL-22) | |||
Santa Fe | CL-60 | 7 June 1941 | 10 June 1942 | 24 November 1942 | 29 October 1946 | Struck 1 March 1959; Sold for scrap, 9 November 1959 | |
Tallahassee | CL-61 | 2 June 1941 | N/A | Reordered as the light aircraft carrier USS Princeton (CVL-23) | |||
Birmingham | CL-62 | Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Newport News, Virginia | 17 February 1941 | 20 March 1942 | 29 January 1943 | 2 January 1947 | Struck 1 March 1959; Sold for scrap, 12 November 1959 |
Mobile | CL-63 | 14 April 1941 | 15 May 1942 | 24 March 1943 | 9 May 1947 | Struck 1 March 1959; Sold for scrap, 16 December 1959 | |
Vincennes (ex-Flint) | CL-64 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts | 7 March 1942 | 17 July 1943 | 21 January 1944 | 10 September 1946 | Struck 1 April 1966; Sunk as target, 28 October 1969 |
Pasadena | CL-65 | 6 February 1943 | 28 December 1943 | 8 June 1944 | 12 January 1950 | Struck 1 December 1970; Sold for scrap, 5 July 1972 | |
Springfield | CL-66 | 13 February 1943 | 9 March 1944 | 9 September 1944 | 30 September 1949 | Struck 31 July 1980; Sold for scrap, 11 March 1980 | |
CLG-7 | 2 July 1960 | 15 May 1974 | |||||
Topeka | CL-67 | 21 April 1943 | 19 August 1944 | 23 December 1944 | 18 June 1949 | Struck 1 December 1973; Sold for scrap, 20 March 1975 | |
CLG-8 | 26 March 1960 | 5 June 1969 | |||||
New Haven | CL-76 | New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey | 11 August 1941 | N/A | Reordered as the light aircraft carrier USS Belleau Wood (CVL-24) | ||
Huntington | CL-77 | 17 November 1941 | Reordered as the light aircraft carrier USS Cowpens (CVL-25) | ||||
Dayton | CL-78 | 29 December 1941 | Reordered as the light aircraft carrier USS Monterey (CVL-26) | ||||
Wilmington | CL-79 | 16 March 1942 | Reordered as the light aircraft carrier USS Cabot (CVL-28) | ||||
Biloxi | CL-80 | Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Newport News, Virginia | 9 July 1941 | 23 February 1943 | 31 August 1943 | 29 August 1946 | Struck 1 December 1961; Sold for scrap, 5 March 1962 |
Houston (ex-Vicksburg) | CL-81 | 4 August 1941 | 19 June 1943 | 20 December 1943 | 15 December 1947 | Struck 1 March 1959; Sold for scrap, 1 June 1961 | |
Providence | CL-82 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts | 27 July 1943 | 28 December 1944 | 15 May 1945 | 14 June 1949 | Struck 30 September 1978; Sold for scrap, 15 July 1980 |
CLG-6 | 17 September 1959 | 31 August 1973 | |||||
Manchester | CL-83 | 25 September 1944 | 5 March 1946 | 29 October 1946 | 27 June 1956 | Struck 1 April 1960; Sold for scrap, 31 October 1961 | |
Buffalo | CL-84 | Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Kearny, New Jersey | N/A | N/A | Cancelled, 16 December 1940 | ||
Fargo | CL-85 | New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey | 11 April 1942 | Reordered as the light aircraft carrier USS Langley (CVL-27) | |||
Vicksburg (ex-Cheyenne) | CL-86 | Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Newport News, Virginia | 26 October 1942 | 14 December 1943 | 12 June 1944 | 30 June 1947 | Struck 1 October 1962; Sold for scrap, 25 August 1964 |
Duluth | CL-87 | 9 November 1942 | 13 January 1944 | 18 September 1944 | 25 June 1949 | Struck 1 January 1960; Sold for scrap, 14 November 1960 | |
Newark | CL-88 | Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Kearny, New Jersey | N/A | Cancelled 16 December 1940 | |||
Miami | CL-89 | William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | 2 August 1941 | 8 December 1942 | 28 December 1943 | 30 June 1947 | Struck 1 September 1961; Sold for scrap, 20 July 1962 |
Astoria (ex-Wilkes-Barre) | CL-90 | 6 September 1941 | 6 March 1943 | 17 May 1944 | 1 July 1949 | Struck 1 November 1969; Sold for scrap, 12 January 1971 | |
Oklahoma City | CL-91 | 8 December 1942 | 20 February 1944 | 22 December 1944 | 30 June 1947 | Struck 15 December 1979; Sunk as target, 25 March 1999 | |
CLG-5 | 7 September 1960 | 15 December 1979 | |||||
Little Rock | CL-92 | 6 March 1943 | 27 August 1944 | 17 June 1945 | 24 June 1949 | Struck 22 November 1976; Donated to the Buffalo and Erie County Naval & Military Park as a Museum ship, 1 June 1977 | |
CLG- 4 | 3 June 1960 | 22 November 1976 | |||||
Galveston | CL-93 | 20 February 1944 | 22 April 1945 | 28 May 1958 | May 1970 | Struck 21 December 1973; Sold for scrap, 16 May 1975 | |
CLG-3 | |||||||
Youngstown | CL-94 | 4 September 1944 | N/A | Contract cancelled, 12 August 1945 | |||
Buffalo | CL-99 | New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey | 31 August 1942 | Reordered as the light aircraft carrier USS Bataan (CVL-29) | |||
Newark | CL-100 | 26 October 1942 | Reordered as the light aircraft carrier USS San Jacinto (CVL-30) | ||||
Amsterdam | CL-101 | Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Newport News, Virginia | 3 March 1943 | 25 April 1944 | 8 January 1945 | 30 June 1947 | Struck 2 January 1971; Sold for scrap, 11 February 1972 |
Portsmouth | CL-102 | 28 June 1943 | 20 September 1944 | 25 June 1945 | 15 June 1949 | Struck 15 January 1971; Sold for scrap, 26 February 1974 | |
Wilkes-Barre | CL-103 | New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey | 14 December 1942 | 24 December 1943 | 1 July 1944 | 9 October 1947 | Struck 15 January 1971; Sunk in testing, 13 May 1972 |
Atlanta | CL-104 | 25 January 1943 | 6 February 1944 | 3 December 1944 | 1 July 1949 | Struck 1 October 1962; Sunk in testing, 1 October 1970 | |
Dayton | CL-105 | 8 March 1943 | 19 March 1944 | 7 January 1945 | 1 March 1949 | Struck 1 September 1961; Sold for scrap, 6 April 1962 |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Norman Friedman, U.S. Cruisers, An Illustrated Design History p. 479. 1984 ISBN978-0-87021-718-0
- ^Norman Friedman, U.S. Cruisers, An Illustrated Design History 1984 ISBN978-0-87021-718-0
- ^US Cruisers: An Illustrated History Friedman, Norman pg 270
- ^Naval Anti-Aircraft Guns and Gunnery loc 3772 - 3792
- ^US Cruisers: An Illustrated History Friedman, Norman pg 259-265
- ^US Cruisers: An Illustrated History Friedman, Norman pg 259-265
- ^Stefan Terzibaschitsch: Kreuzer der U.S. Navy. Koehler, Herford (Germany) 1984, p. 174. ISBN3-7822-0348-8
- ^US Cruisers: An Illustrated History Friedman, Norman pg 270
- ^M.J. Whitley, Cruisers Of World War Two, An International Encyclopedia 1995 ISBN978-1-86019-874-8
- ^Those Cleveland Class Cruisers. An exercise in expediency in N.Wilder Post.' Sea Classics Oct 2013, V46, No 10', pp18-25 & 65
- ^'Ships'. Buffalo & Erie County Naval & Military Park. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
Bibliography[edit]
- Wright, C. C. (1998). 'Question 51/96: Anti-Aircraft Armament of US Cleveland Class Cruisers'. Warship International. XXXV (1): 90.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cleveland class cruiser. |
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cleveland-class_cruiser&oldid=897608757'
The Majestic-class cruisers were eight light cruisers which served the Elipian Royal Navy during the Great War. They were commissioned between 1936 and 1937, one year before the first conflict of the war. The Majestic-class cruisers were derived from the earlier Regal-class light cruisers, featuring armor redesign, an improved boiler design, layout, as well as refit the secondary 5' guns into two-gun mounts, at the cost of being nearly fifteen meters longer. Due to its size and armament, the Majestic-class could perform an array of tasks while being significantly cheaper than a heavy cruiser. As a result the class design was used as a basis for several future Royal cruisers, including three subclasses (two of which removed one of the 160mm three-gun turrets for another 5' two-gun turret). Of the eight cruisers built as the Majestic class, five were upgraded into the Prodigy-class light cruisers while the other three were converted into light carriers.
Refits:
1956 Prodigy-class Light Cruiser, Nuclear [link]
1976 Prodigy-class Aegis Missile Cruiser, Nuclear [link]Displacement: 14,800 t
Length:
Waterline: 198.6m
Overall: 203.6m
Atlanta Class Light Cruiser
Beam: 19.5mDraft: 6.8m
Installed Power:
100,000shp (74,600 kW)
4 Water-tube boilers
Propulsion:
4 screws; 4 steam turbines
Speed:
35 knots
Range:
5.4nm (10,000km) at 15 knots (28km/h)
Compliment:
~900 officers and men (Great War)
Armaments:
Bayonet Light Bulb Base
15 × 6.3” (160mm)/47 cal. guns in five three-gun turrets
10 × 5” (127mm)/38 cal. DP guns in five two-gun turrets
40 × 40mm/58 cal. AA guns in ten quadruple mounts
28 × .50cal machine guns in single mounts
8 × 21' torpedo tubes
1 × depth charge rack
Armor:
Belt: 75mm to 125mm
Barbettes: 150mm
Deck: 50mm
Turrets: 25mm to 175mm
Aircraft:
1 floatplane; 1 catapult
I intend to create two refits (1956 and 1976) of this ship in the near future. If you liked my Admiration-class Cruiser and her 1976 refit, im fairly confident you'll love these